The Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act What’s New? Kathy Gips New England ADA Center Institute for Human Centered Design 200 Portland St. Boston, MA 02114 617-695-0085 voice/tty kgips@humancentereddesign.org Ten ADA Centers Funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research 1 11-- 8 880 000 00-- 9 994 449 99-- 4 442 223 332 22v vvo ooi iic cce ee/ //t ttt tty yyw www www ww. .. a aad dda aat tta aa. .. o oor rrg gg AgendaADA&LawsOverviewDefinitionofDisability–Who’sin,Who’soutGeneralnon-discriminationrequirementsEnsuringeffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessibilityEmploymentAdministrativerequirementsAgendaADA&LawsOverviewDefinitionofDisability–Who’sin,Who’soutGeneralnon-discriminationrequirementsEnsuringeffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessibilityEmploymentAdministrativerequirements Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as amended …No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States…shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the ti iti ibdidth b fit f b participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any Executive agency or by the United States Postal Service. StructureoftheADATitleI:EmploymentTitleII:StateandLocalGovernmentsTitleIII:PrivateEntitiesOperatingPublicAccommodationsorCommercialFacilitiesTitleIV:TelecommunicationsRelayService(TRS) TitleV:MiscellaneousStructureoftheADATitleI:EmploymentTitleII:StateandLocalGovernmentsTitleIII:PrivateEntitiesOperatingPublicAccommodationsorCommercialFacilitiesTitleIV:TelecommunicationsRelayService(TRS) TitleV:Miscellaneous ADAandSection504DefinitionofDisabilityAnindividualwho•has•hasarecordorhistoryof•hasarecordorhistoryofor•isregardedashavingaphysicalormentalimpairmentthatsubstantiallylimitsamajorlifeactivityADAandSection504DefinitionofDisabilityAnidividualwho•has•hasarecordorhistoryof•hasarecordorhistoryofor•isregardedashavingaphysicalormentalimpairmentthatsubstantiallylimitsamajorlifeactivity ADAAmendmentsActExamplesofmajorlifeactivities•caringforoneself•performingmanualtasks•seeing•hearing bending speaking breathing•hearing•eating•sleeping•walking•standing•lifting learning reading concentrating thinking communicating workingADAAmendmentsActExamplesofmajorlifeactivities•caringforoneself•performingmanualtasks•seeing•hearing bending speaking breathing•hearing•eating•sleeping•walking•standing•lifting learning reading concentrating thinking communicating working ADAAmendmentsActMoreMajorLifeActivitiesMajorbodilyfunctions•Functionsoftheimmunesystem•Normalcellgrowth•Digestive,bowel,bladder,neurological, brain,respiratory,circulatory,endocrine,andreproductivefunctionsADAAmendmentsActMoreMajorLifeActivitiesMajorbodilyfunctions•Functionsoftheimmunesystem•Normalcellgrowth•Digestive,bowel,bladder,neurological, brain,respiratory,circulatory,endocrine,andreproductivefunctions Scenario Ms. B has been discussing with a counselor leaving her husband and moving to a shelter with her three children. One of her children has Down Syndrome and one has autism. The counselor contacts a shelter and is informed that “We don’t take children with special needs. ” Does the ADA protect Ms. B in this situation? AssociationwithDisabilityTheADAprotectssomeonefromdiscriminatedbasedonrelationshiporassociationwithapersonwithadisabilityAssocitionwithDisabilityTheADAprotectssomeonefromdiscriminatedbasedonrelationshiporassociationwithapersonwithadisability ADA&Section504GeneralnondiscriminationEffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmploymentADA&Section504GeneralnondiscriminationEffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmployment General Nondiscrimination Requirements •Ensure an equal opportunity to participate and benefit •Prohibit exclusion segregation and unequal treatment •Prohibitexclusion,segregation,andunequal •Prohibit eligibility criteria that screen out person with disability unless criteria are necessary ScenarioXYZprogramdoesnotallowwomentousealcoholortobeundertheinfluenceofalcoholwhenintheshelter. MsTinformsyouonherthirddaythatshehasalcoholism,isthereforeprotectedbytheADAandwillsometimesbeinebriatedwhileintheshelter.Whatisyourresponse? ScenarioXYZprogramdoesnotallowwomentousealcoholortobeundertheinfluenceofalcoholwhenintheshelter. MsTinformsyouonherthirddaythatshehasalcoholism,isthereforeprotectedbytheADAandwillsometimesbeinebriatedwhileintheshelter.Whatisyourresponse? GeneralNondiscriminationRequirementsWhennecessarytoensureequalopportunity“reasonablemodifications”mustbemadetopolicies,practices,proceduresGeneralNondiscriminationRequirementsWhennecessarytoensureequalopportunity“reasonablemodifications”mustbemadetopolicies,practices,procedures Scenario Ms. V has been sexually assaulted. She has cerebral palsy and she uses a dog for stability and to pick up items. The police weren’t sure what to do with the dog but they brought Ms. V (and her dog) to the clinic for a sexual assault exam. The clinic refuses to allow the dog in because of concerns about cleanliness and others’ allergies. What is the clinic’s obligation? ADAServiceAnimalsADAServiceAnimals ADAServiceAnimalsUsuallydogs,butnotalways1.1ADAServiceAnimalsUsuallydogs,butnotalways1.1 ADAServiceAnimalsUsuallydogs,butnotalways1.1ADAServiceAnimalsUsuallydogs,butnotalways1.1 A AAD DDA AAService Animals Usually dogs, but not always • Any guide dog, signal dog, or other animal individually trained to provide assistance to an individual with a disability • May ask if it is a service animal required because of a disability • Care/supervision is owner’s responsibility • May exclude if animal's behavior poses a direct threat to health or safety Note to Shelters and other Residential Settings • Have obligations under the Fair Housing Amendments Act • FHAA d li i “service FHAA does not limit to i animals” Scenario Ms. P is coming to your agency for counseling services. She says she has multiple chemical sensitivity and that she needs to meet in a room where no chemicals have been used for three days prior to her visit. She would like to participate in some of pp the groups and wants you to assure her that no staff or attendees will be wearing perfume or using fragrances. What is your organization’s obligation? Makereasonablemodificationsofpolicies,practicesandprocedures•Beflexible•Don’tsaynoautomaticallyyy•Knowwhomtodiscusstherequestwith•ConsiderwhethertherequestwouldbeafundamentalalterationMakereasonablemodificationsofpolicies,practicesandprocedures•Beflexible•Don’tsaynoautomaticallyyy•Knowwhomtodiscusstherequestwith•Considerwhethertherequestwouldbeafundamentalalteration EmergencyPreparednessPlanning•Mayyouaskparticipantsiftheyhaveadisabilityandwillneedassistanceinanemergency? •Howtobestprepare? EmergencyPreparednessPlanning•Mayyouaskparticipantsiftheyhaveadisabilityandwillneedassistanceinanemergency? •Howtobestprepare? Personal Devices and Services Not required to provide: Personal devices -wheelchairs, eyeglasses, hearing aids Services of a personal nature -assistance eating, toileting, or dressing (Unless these are provided to people without disabilities) Scenario Ms. T has multiple sclerosis and needs assistance getting on and off the toilet, bathing and getting dressed. For many years her husband has been her primary caregiver. Over the last five years the relationship has gotten abusive. In order for pg her to leave her husband and be in the the shelter she will need to have someone come in to provide personal care service two or three times a day. The shelter has “no visitors” policy. Does the shelter need to modify this policy for Ms. T? ADA&Section504 GeneralnondiscriminationEffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmploymentADA&Section504 GeneralnondiscriminationEffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmployment The police are told that a woman who is deaf witnessed an act of domestic violence and want to interview the woman. The woman’s daughter hears and is fl ti ilfluent in sign language. ADA regulations suggest a family member is the most appropriate person to provide sign language interpretation in this situation. True or False? EffectiveCommunicationEnsurethatcommunicationwithpeoplewithdisabilitiesisaseffectiveascommunicationwithothersEffectiveCommunicaionEnsurethatcommunicationwithpeoplewithdisabilitiesisaseffectiveascommunicationwithothers EffectiveCommunicationPeoplewho•areblindorvisuallyimpaired•dfhdfhi•aredeaforhardofhearingor•haveaspeechdisabilityEffectiveCommunicationPeoplewho•areblindorvisuallyimpaired•dfhdfhi•aredeaforhardofhearingor•haveaspeechdisability AuxiliaryAidsandServicesProvide“auxiliaryaidsandservices” IfnecessarytoensureeffectivecommunicationAuxiliaryAidsandServicesProvide“auxiliaryaidsandservices” Ifnecessarytoensureeffectivecommunication You get a call at 2 am from a man saying his cousin needs to come to the shelter as soon as possible. The man tells you that his cousin is deaf and and requests that either a staff person who uses ASL or a sign language interpreter be present. You 1. Give the information to your supervisor 2. Give the information to the ADA Coordinator 3. Tell them your organization doesn’t provide sign language interpreters 4. Other___________________ _ For People Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing • Qualified Interpreters • Written Notes • Computer-aided Real-time Transcription Services (CART) •AssistiveListeningSystems • Open and Closed Captioning on Videos • TTYs • Telephone amplifiers • Hearing aid compatible telephones ComputerAidedReal-timeTranscriptionCARTComputerAidedReal-timeTranscriptionCART XYZ Agency provides a variety of services including emergency shelters, transitional housing and support groups. Ms. C calls from pay phone and asks the person answering the phone to mail information in Braille about all the agency’s services to her neighbor’s house. The person answering the phone: The person answering the phone: 1. Makes arrangements for the info to be Brailled (where?? ) 2. Tells her supervisor 3. Tells the ADA coordinator 4. Other For People Who are Blind or Visually Impaired • Braille • Email files •• C t di k th bd i Computer disks, thumb drive • Qualified readers • Audio recordings • Large Print (what size font? ) Whenprovidinganauxiliaryaidorservice,yourorganizationisrequiredtoprovidewhatthepersonwantsnomatterhowmuchitcosts. TrueorFalse? Whenprovidinganauxiliaryaidorservice,yourorganizationisrequiredtoprovidewhatthepersonwantsnomatterhowmuchitcosts. TrueorFalse? UndueBurdenUndueBurdenIftheauxiliaryaidorserviceisnecessarytoensureequallyeffectivecommunicationProvideunlessitwouldbeanunduefiancialandadministrativeburdenUndueBurdenUndueBurdenIftheauxiliaryaidorserviceisnecessarytoensureequallyeffectivecommunicationPrvideunlessitwouldbeanunduefinancialandadministrativeburden ADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination EffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmploymentADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination EffectivecommunicationFacilityaccessEmployment FacilityAccessibilityNewconstructionandalterationsmustbeaccessibleADAStandardsforAccessibleDesignJuly1,1994(that’snotatypo!) FacilityAccessibilityNewconstructionandalterationsmustbeaccessibleADAStandardsforAccessibleDesignJuly1,1994(that’snotatypo!) NewConstructionandAlterationsADAStandardsforAccessibleDesignJuly1,1994(that’snotatypo!) DepartmentofJusticetoadoptUSAccessBoard’s2004ADAAccessibilityGuidelinesNewConstructionandAlterationsADAStandardsforAccessibleDeignJuly1,1994(that’snotatypo!) DepartmentofJusticetoadoptUSAccessBoard’s2004ADAAccessibilityGuidelines WhatAboutEquipment? Ms.Mhasquadriplegiaandusesapowerwheelchair.ShehasbeenrapedSheisattheclinicforasexualassualtexam.TheexamtableisatafixedheightandMsMexamtableisatafixedheightandMs.Misunabletotransferontothetable. WhatAboutEquipment? Ms.Mhasquadriplegiaandusesapowerwheelchair.ShehasbeenrapedSheisattheclinicforasexualassualtexam.TheexamtableisatafixedheightandMsMexamtableisatafixedheightandMs.Misunabletotransferontothetable. “Existing” FacilitiesHowmuchaccessibilityisrequiredinolderbuildings? “Existing” FacilitiesHowmuchaccessibilityisrequiredinolderbuildings? ExistingFacilitiesTwodifferentrequirementsADATitleII&Section504ProgramaccessibilityADATitleIIIReadilyachievablebarrierremovalExistingFacilitiesTwodifferentrequirementsADATitleII&Section504ProgramaccessibilityADATitleIIIReadilyachievablebarrierremoval ADATitleII&Section504ExistingFacilitiesProgramaccessibility: EththidEnsurethateachprogram,serviceandactivity,whenviewedinitsentirety,isaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilitiesADATitleII&Section504ExistingFacilitiesProgramaccessibility: EththidEnsurethateachprogram,serviceandactivity,whenviewedinitsentirety,isaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilities ADA Title II & Section 504 Program Accessibility Methods • Reassignment to accessible site • Home visits • Assignment of aides (human) • Make structural changes Most integrated setting appropriate. What method is appropriate for your program? Section504SmallProvidersProgramAccessibility•Fewerthanfifteenemployees•Notrequiredtomakesignificantstructural•Notrequiredtomakesignificantstructuralalterationinexistingfacilities•Mayreferpersontootherserviceprovidersthatareaccessible(isthereoneavailable??) Section504SmallProvidersProgramAccessibility•Fewerthanfifteenemployees•Notrequiredtomakesignificantstructural•Notrequiredtomakesignificantstructuralalterationinexistingfacilities•Mayreferpersontootherserviceprovidersthatareaccessible(isthereoneavailable??) Makeaccessimprovementsthatare“readilyachievable” ADATitleIIIExistingFacilitiesReadilyAchievableBarrierRemovalEasilyaccomplishableandabletobecarriedoutwithoutmuchdifficultyorexpnseMakeaccessimprovementsthatare“readilyachievable” ADATitleIIIExistingFacilitiesReadilyAchievableBarrierRemovalEasilyaccomplishableandabletobecarriedoutwithoutmuchdifficultyorexpnse ADATitleIIIReadilyAchievableBarrierRemovalPriorities1.Gettingin2.Gettingtothegoodsandservices3.Restroom4.Otheramenities(publictelephones, waterfountains,alarms,etc.) ADATitleIIIReadilyAchievableBarrierRemovalPriorities1.Gettingin2.Gettingtothegoodsandservices3.Restroom4.Otheramenities(publictelephones, waterfountains,alarms,etc.) •LandlordsandtenantshavebarrierremovalobligationsADATitleIIIReadilyAchievableBarrierRemoval•Taxcredits/deductionsareavailable•On-goingobligation•LandlordsandtenantshavebarrierremovalobligationsADATitleIIIReadilyAchievableBarrierRemoval•Taxcredits/deductionsareavailable•On-goingobligation Maintenance of Accessible Features Maintain in operable working condition those features of facilities and equipment that are required to be readily accessible ADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination Effectivecommunication FacilityaccessEmploymentADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination Effectivecommunication FacilityaccessEmployment 1.DonotdiscriminateonthebasisofdisabilityADA&Section504NondiscriminationinEmployment2.Providereasonableaccommodation•pre-employment•onthejobtoperformessentialjobfunctions•relatedtobenefitsandprivilegesofemployment1.DonotdiscriminateonthebasisofdisabilityADA&Section504NondiscriminationinEmployment2.Providereasonableaccommodation•pre-employment•onthejobtoperformessentialjobfunctions•relatedtobenefitsandprivilegesofemployment •AnychangeintheworkenvironmentorinthewaythingsareusuallydonethatresultsinequalemploymentopportunityforanADA&Section504ReasonableAccommodationindividualwithadisability•Provideifneeded,unlessunduehardship•AnychangeintheworkenvironmentorinthewaythingsareusuallydonethatresultsinequalemploymentopportunityforanADA&Section504ReasonableAccommodationindividualwithadisability•Provideifneeded,unlessunduehardship ADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination Effectivecommunication Facilityaccess EmploymentADA&Section504 Generalnondiscrimination Effectivecommunication Facilityaccess Employment ADATitleII&Section504AdministrativeRequirements1.Notifypublic,participants,applicants, aboutcompliance&what’saccessible2ConductaSelf-Evaluation2.ConductaSelfEvaluation3.DevelopaTransitionPlan4.Adoptagrievanceprocedure5.DesignatearesponsibleemployeeADATitleII&Section504AdministrativeRequirements1.Notifypublic,participants,applicants, aboutcompliance&what’saccessible2ConductaSelf-Evaluation2.ConductaSelfEvaluation3.DevelopaTransitionPlan4.Adoptagrievanceprocedure5.Designatearesponsibleemployee ADATitleIIAdministrativeRequirements1.Notifypublic,participants,applicants, aboutcompliance&what’saccessible2ConductaSelf-Evaluation2.ConductaSelfEvaluation3.DevelopaTransitionPlan* 4.Adoptagrievanceprocedure* 5.Designatearesponsibleemployee* *Requiredif50ormoreemployeesADATitleIIAdministrativeRequirements1.Notifypublic,participants,applicants, aboutcompliance&what’saccessible2ConductaSelf-Evaluation2.ConductaSelfEvaluation3.DevelopaTransitionPlan* 4.Adoptagrievanceprocedure* 5.Designatearesponsibleemployee* *Requiredif50ormoreemployees Dept of Justice Section 504 Regs Administrative Requirements 1. Notify public, participants, applicants, about compliance & what’s accessible 2 Conduct a Self-Evaluation Evaluation 2. Conduct a Self 3. Develop a Transition Plan 4. Adopt a grievance procedure* 5. Designate a responsible employee* * Required if 50 or more employees and receive $25,000 min per year Questions,DiscussionQuestions,Discussion